FELLOWSHIP IN EMBRYOLOGY IN INDIA: EVALUATION OF SPERM DAMAGE

Fellowship in Embryology in India: Evaluation of Sperm Damage

Fellowship in Embryology in India: Evaluation of Sperm Damage

Blog Article

Male infertility is a disorder of the reproductive system, caused primarily by male factors involving deficiencies in the semen, genetic and congenital conditions, anatomical defects, endocrine disturbances, immunological or functional genetic abnormalities, sexual conditions difficulties with intercourse, and chronic illness. Sperm DNA fragmentation which is an indicator of sperm damage results in decreased fertility and recurrent miscarriages. This can also be due to various external and internal factors. Treatment of amenable factors and selective sperm isolation improves outcome.

Semen analysis is a preliminary test used for the assessment of male infertility. However, the information derived rom semen analyses may not always be accurate. Conventional semen analysis may not indicate the fertilization potential of the sperm. Men with normal semen profiles are not necessarily fertile, which can be due to abnormal sperm DNA. Sperm DNA contributes to around 80% of the couples diagnosed with unexplained infertility.

A normal sperm DNA is required for the development of embryo as well as the correct transmission of hereditary information. Sperm DNA damage may not be professed until fertilization but relatively causes a lateral paternal effect linked to paternal gene expression in the 4-8 cell embryo.

Factors contributing to sperm damage:


  • Protamine Deficiency

  • Mutations affecting DNA compaction

  • Elevated testicular temperature like use of hot baths, saunas, down-filled blankets, laptop computers and prolonged periods of driving

  • Cancer and radiation exposure

  • Gonadotrophins

  • Varicocele

  • Other Causes:

  • High fever and infections, air pollution, cigarette smoking, alcohol and advanced age


Did you know? 8-12 % of the couples worldwide experience infertility, with male factors being the major cause in half of the cases. According to this, at least 7% of men throughout the world are affected by male infertility. This can be as a result of many factors which include hormonal, genetic, behavioral, Iatrogenic, environmental and lifestyle factors as well as congenital problems. Considering reproductive health, it is also necessary to understand the complex link between environmental effects and loss. There can be great deprivation in male fertility with respect to environmental factors like those due to pollution, lifestyle decisions, and business risk.

Etiology:

  • Air Pollution

  • Chemicals and toxins

  • Drugs

  • Heat

  • Radiation

  • Psychological and Stress-Related Factors

  • Lifestyle Choices


The modern phenomenon of increasing male infertility largely results from air pollution that induced abnormal morphological changes, augmented sperm DNA fragmentation, hindered sperm motility, and caused faulty spermatogenesis. Increased levels of ozone may increase the portion of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. Heavy metals present in vehicle exhaust are known to possess strong estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, and anti-androgenic activities; these include lead, zinc, copper, and PAH. Such abnormal gametogenesis and gonadal steroidogenesis can subsequently lead to infertility. There exist numerous substances that affect the human population worldwide. These substances negatively affect human bodily functions, particularly the reproductive function.

Normal spermatogenesis depends at the testes keeping a healthy temperature. Since the scrotal temperature is 2-four tiers lower than the centre body temperature and influences the spermatogenesis manner, anything that boosts it could lead to male infertility. It has also been determined that a 1-1.5 °C increase in scrotal temperature can bring about defects of sperm morphology and reduced sperm production. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can result in the loss of the thermoregulatory function of the scrotum, which can negatively affect one or more aspects of male semen quality. In this regard, the changes can be seen in cases of occupational radiant heat exposure in workers in foundries, bakeries, wedding, or ceramic factories and long-term workers of kitchens, laundromats, dry cleaning shops, or as driving. When the weight loss plan lacks antioxidants and is composed extensively of processed foods, it makes sperm at risk of oxidative pressure. On the opposite hand, an adequate balanced weight loss plan rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals is beneficial for sperm health and motility. It can also lessen around 20% of sperm manufacturing at some stage in maturity after publicity in utero with smoking. Obviously, the use of tobacco smoke and excessive alcohol consumption negatively affects sperm quality. Chronic stress triggers the release of stress hormones, affecting the HPG axis. Disruptions in HPG axis can lead to altered sperm production and quality. Improper sleep schedules can affect the hormonal regulation of body resulting into reduction in the quality of sperm. Hormonal balance and optimum sperm production is supported by quality sleep.

Environmental factors contribute largely to sperm damage, harming male reproductive health and fertility. If these influences are specified and preventive measures are taken, sperm quality can be enhanced and reproductive outcomes improved. Continuing research and awareness activities will help tackle the complex interplay between environmental factors and male infertility for the welfare of generations to come.

What do you need to get a Fellowship in Embryology in India today?

  • Desktop Computer / Laptop / Tablets / Mobile Device

  • A stable internet connection

  • A quite place to concentrate

  • Stationery as per individual requirement


Yes, that’s it! Today, doing the Fellowship in Embryology in India is as simple as this. Medline Academics, headed by Padma Shri Prof. Dr. Kamini A Rao, is one of the best institutions for pursuing the fellowship in embryology program. Besides, it also offers the Fellowship in Reproductive Medicine. Medline Academics has designed its courses in a way that it is accessible to all the mentees anywhere, anytime. Live lectures are scheduled once in a week to discuss and clarify the queries which student generally have. This institution encourages a hybrid learning atmosphere where students can continue their studies even without compromising their professional and family commitments.  Recorded sessions are always open for students to take down notes and best utilise their time from their comfort zone. Medline Academics is the best choice for you when it comes to pursuing higher studies in the field of embryology.

Dr. Kamini Rao Hospitals, the Best IVF Treatment Hospital in Bangalore, which is also a unit of the Medline Academics. When a student enrols for any of the fellowship program, they also get a chance to complete their clinical posting in the embryology and andrology labs at the Dr. Kamini Rao Hospitals. Here mentees learn not only about the theoretical approaches but also gets a hands-on of variety of cases. This institution ensures that, you enrol as a learner and exit as an expert. Both students and the patients are under expert supervision.

Report this page